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Ay: Nisan 2017
Centos lvm disk resize
LVM (Logical Volume Manager) , sistem üzerinde disk kümesi yada kümeleri oluşturmaya olanak sağlayan bir disk yönetim sistemidir.LVM kullanarak mevcut disk sistemi üzerinde online olarak yeniden boyutlandırmaya olanak sağlamaktadır.
Eğer sisteminiz default ayarlar ile kurulum yapıldıysa, disk yapınız büyük olasılıkla LVM ile yapılandırılmıştır. Bir çok dağıtım default olarak LVM disk yapısını kullanmaktadır.
LVM olarak yapılandırılmış bir sunucuda disk alanını genişletmek için nasıl bir yöntem izlenmesi gerektiğine bakacağız. 50 Gb disk üzerine kurulan bir sanal sunucunun ( / home) dizininin kapasitesini arttırarak toplamda 70 Gb lık bir disk alanını online olarak genişletme işlemi yapacağız.
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home: 50.5 GB, 50457477120 bytes, 98549760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Sunucumuz 100 Gb lık bir diske default LVM ile kurulum yapılmış. Bu disk kapasitesini 120 Gb a arttırıp, yaklaşık 20 Gb lık boş alanı home ( cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home ) partitiona ekleyeceğiz.
Sanal sunucuyu yeniden başlatmadan, düzenlediğiniz yeni disk boyutunu sanal sunucuda görebilmek için aşağıdaki kodu çalıştırabilirsiniz.
# echo 1 > /sys/block/sda/device/rescan
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes, 251658240 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000e41ca
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 167772159 82836480 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 167772160 209715199 20971520 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home: 50.5 GB, 50457477120 bytes, 98549760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
#fdisk /dev/sda
n (yeni)
p (primary)
4 (sda1 , sda2 ve sda3 mevcut, bu yüzden sda4 oluşturacağız.)
t (partition sistem id yi LVM (8e) olarak değiştireceğiz)
4 (sda4 partition numarası)
8e ( LVM )
p (partition oluşturduktan sonra işlemi yazdırmadan kontrol ediyoruz.)
w (yeni partition yazılır/kaydedilir.)
Yeni sda4 partition oluşturduktan sonra yeni fdisk çıktımıza bakalım,
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes, 251658240 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000e41ca
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 167772159 82836480 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 167772160 209715199 20971520 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda4 209715200 251658239 20971520 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home: 50.5 GB, 50457477120 bytes, 98549760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Fdisk çıktımızda yeni oluşturduğumuz sda4 LVM partitionu görünüyor. Şimdi sırada oluşturduğumuz yeni sda3 partitionı fiziksel volüme dönüştüreceğiz.
Bundan önce sistemin partition sda4 ü tanıması için restart etmeniz gerekiyor yada aşağıdaki kodu çalıştırmalısınız.
# partx -v -a /dev/sda
partition: none, disk: /dev/sda, lower: 0, upper: 0
/dev/sda: partition table type ‘dos’ detected
partx: /dev/sda: adding partition #1 failed: Device or resource busy
partx: /dev/sda: adding partition #2 failed: Device or resource busy
partx: /dev/sda: adding partition #3 failed: Device or resource busy
/dev/sda: partition #4 added
/dev/sda: partition table type ‘dos’ detected
partx: /dev/sda: adding partition #1 failed: Device or resource busy
partx: /dev/sda: adding partition #2 failed: Device or resource busy
partx: /dev/sda: adding partition #3 failed: Device or resource busy
/dev/sda: partition #4 added
“added partition 4” artık yeni partition sistem tarafından tanınmış oldu. Artık fiziksel volüme olarak ekleyebiliriz.
]# pvcreate /dev/sda4
Physical volume “/dev/sda4” successfully created.
Physical volume “/dev/sda4” successfully created.
#vgdisplay
— Volume group —
VG Name cl_reverse-31-186-23-137
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 6
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 98.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25342
Alloc PE / Size 25342 / 98.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 79AHj8-LDoR-MEW5-AYI7-2G9R-Empb-hhYyce
— Volume group —
VG Name cl_reverse-31-186-23-137
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 6
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 98.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25342
Alloc PE / Size 25342 / 98.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 79AHj8-LDoR-MEW5-AYI7-2G9R-Empb-hhYyce
# vgextend cl_reverse-31-186-23-137 /dev/sda4
Volume group “cl_reverse-31-186-23-137” successfully extended
Volume group “cl_reverse-31-186-23-137” successfully extended
# vgdisplay
— Volume group —
VG Name cl_reverse-31-186-23-137
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 118.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 30461
Alloc PE / Size 25342 / 98.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 5119 / 20.00 GiB
VG UUID 79AHj8-LDoR-MEW5-AYI7-2G9R-Empb-hhYyce
— Volume group —
VG Name cl_reverse-31-186-23-137
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 118.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 30461
Alloc PE / Size 25342 / 98.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 5119 / 20.00 GiB
VG UUID 79AHj8-LDoR-MEW5-AYI7-2G9R-Empb-hhYyce
]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-root 50G 952M 50G 2% /
devtmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 920M 8.5M 912M 1% /run
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 139M 876M 14% /boot
/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home 47G 33M 47G 1% /home
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-root 50G 952M 50G 2% /
devtmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 920M 8.5M 912M 1% /run
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 139M 876M 14% /boot
/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home 47G 33M 47G 1% /home
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home
Size of logical volume cl_reverse-31-186-23-137/home changed from 46.99 GiB (12030 extents) to 66.99 GiB (17149 extents).
Logical volume cl_reverse-31-186-23-137/home successfully resized.
Size of logical volume cl_reverse-31-186-23-137/home changed from 46.99 GiB (12030 extents) to 66.99 GiB (17149 extents).
Logical volume cl_reverse-31-186-23-137/home successfully resized.
lvextend komutu ile boş tüm ( +100%FREE ) disk alanını root dizinine ekleyerek genişlettik. Son durumdaki vgdisplay boş alanına bakalım.
# vgdisplay
— Volume group —
VG Name cl_reverse-31-186-23-137
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 8
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 118.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 30461
Alloc PE / Size 30461 / 118.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 79AHj8-LDoR-MEW5-AYI7-2G9R-Empb-hhYyce
— Volume group —
VG Name cl_reverse-31-186-23-137
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 8
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 118.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 30461
Alloc PE / Size 30461 / 118.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 79AHj8-LDoR-MEW5-AYI7-2G9R-Empb-hhYyce
lvextend komutunda tüm boş alanı kullan dediğimiz için hiç boş ( free ) disk alanı kalmadı.
Tekrar disk kullanım alanına bakacak olursak,
#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-root 50G 952M 50G 2% /
devtmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 920M 8.5M 912M 1% /run
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 139M 876M 14% /boot
/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home 47G 33M 47G 1% /home
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
#lvextend -r -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home
Size of logical volume cl_reverse-31-186-23-137/home unchanged from 66.99 GiB (17149 extents).
Logical volume cl_reverse-31-186-23-137/home successfully resized.
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home isize=512 agcount=7, agsize=1768960 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=12318720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=3455, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
Size of logical volume cl_reverse-31-186-23-137/home unchanged from 66.99 GiB (17149 extents).
Logical volume cl_reverse-31-186-23-137/home successfully resized.
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home isize=512 agcount=7, agsize=1768960 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=12318720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=3455, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/cl_reverse--31--186--23--137-homeDisk boyutuna tekrar bakıyoruz home dizini resize olmuş durumda
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-root 50G 952M 50G 2% /
devtmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 920M 8.5M 912M 1% /run
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 139M 876M 14% /boot
/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home 67G 33M 67G 1% /home
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 12318720 to 17560576
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-root 50G 952M 50G 2% /
devtmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 920M 8.5M 912M 1% /run
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 139M 876M 14% /boot
/dev/mapper/cl_reverse–31–186–23–137-home 67G 33M 67G 1% /home
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 12318720 to 17560576